ECB updates statistical climate indicators

27 November 2025

The European Central Bank (ECB) has released an update of its statistical climate indicators, first introduced in 2023.

Developed in collaboration with experts from national central banks, including Banca d’Italia, the indicators are designed to enhance the financial sector's ability to assess sustainable finance, transition and physical risks related to climate change.

The update reflects methodological improvements and the availability of new datasets.

The indicators cover three areas: sustainable finance, climate-related transition risks, and climate‑related physical risks.

  1. The sustainable finance indicators provide an overview of issuances and holdings of green debt securities by euro area residents. The update expands the scope of the previous indicators by adding details on original maturity, currency, and interest rate type, providing a more granular picture of the market. These new breakdowns also address the reporting requirements of the G20 Data Gaps Initiative Recommendation 4 on Climate Finance.
  2. The transition risk indicators provide information on the exposure of financial intermediaries to transition risks, using data on financed carbon emissions and the carbon intensity of securities and loans in their portfolios.
  3. The physical risk indicators measure the exposure of financial institutions' portfolios to extreme climate-related events, such as river and coastal floods, wildfires, landslides, erosion, windstorms, and water stress.

The statistical climate indicators are available at: ECB climate change-related indicators.

Annexes

  1. 27 November 2025
    Climate change indicators: November 2025
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