No. 1003 - Can GenAI fill banks' emissions data gaps?

Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional papers)
by Cristina Angelico and Enrico Bernardini
March 2026
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The indirect carbon emissions data reported by major euro-area banks, which include those of the companies in which they invest or to which they lend, highlight gaps and inconsistencies in estimates that vary depending on the sources analysed. This research evaluates the ability of three generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) tools to address these shortcomings.

Data generated through GenAI tools are correlated with traditional sources and help identify anomalies. However, they also present quality and consistency issues and raise issues of replicability and transparency. The development of specialized linguistic models and improved emissions reporting standards could contribute to overcoming GenAI's current limitations and make it a complementary data source to traditional ones.

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