No. 945 - The geography of innovation: patent insights into Europe's green and digital transitions
This paper examines the concentration of innovative activity in Europe, with a focus on green technologies and artificial intelligence (AI). Using patent data, it analyses the strengths and weaknesses of national innovation systems across countries - particularly in Italy - and highlights how the actors and geographical areas involved in innovation processes have changed during the ecological and digital transitions.
In the field of international patents, Europe lags significantly behind China, particularly in AI. Innovation is highly concentrated: Germany has the highest number of patents in Europe and Italy ranks fifth. In Italy, AI is mainly developed in the North by large firms, whereas green technologies are more widespread, including in the South. Innovation in Italy is increasingly dominated by incumbent firms and the overall quality of Italian patents is moderate, with peaks of excellence in the Centre-North.
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